These are the most popular Journals in our community (as surveyed at ICOB 2008) and their latest table of contents for you to browse.
Wiley InterScience : Journal of Biophotonics
Show articles…Applied Optics
Show articles…Qiong-Hua Wang, Xiao-Fang Li, Lei Zhou, Ai-Hong Wang, Da-Hai LiA method is proposed to alleviate the cross talk in multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays based on a lenticular sheet. We analyze the positional relationship between subpixels on the image panel and the lenticular sheet. According to this relationship, optimal synthetic images are ... [Appl. Opt. 50, B1-B5 (2011)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-50-7-B1
Qiong-Hua Wang, Xiao-Fang Li, Lei Zhou, Ai-Hong Wang, Da-Hai LiA method is proposed to alleviate the cross talk in multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays based on a lenticular sheet. We analyze the positional relationship between subpixels on the image panel and the lenticular sheet. According to this relationship, optimal synthetic images are ... [Appl. Opt. 50, B1-B5 (2011)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-50-7-B1
Yinqiao Cai, Xiaohua Tong, Peng Tong, Hongyi Bu, Rong ShuAs an active remote sensor technology, the terrestrial laser scanner is widely used for direct generation of a three-dimensional (3D) image of an object in the fields of geodesy, surveying, and photogrammetry. In this article, a new laser scanner using array avalanche photodiodes, as designed by ... [Appl. Opt. 49, H11-H19 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-34-H11
Kerkil Choi, Ryoichi Horisaki, Joonku Hahn, Sehoon Lim, Daniel L. Marks, Timothy J. Schulz, David J. BradyWe propose an estimation-theoretic approach to the inference of an incoherent 3D scattering density from 2D scattered speckle field measurements. The object density is derived from the covariance of the speckle field. The inference is performed by a constrained optimization technique inspired by ... [Appl. Opt. 49, H1-H10 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-34-H1
Andre Fleck, Vasudevan LakshminarayananThe noise characteristics of a compact high-resolution Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with an extended pupil to sensor distance have been measured. The standard deviation, σ, of the angular position error caused by random noise conforms to theoretical predictions of discrete detector ... [Appl. Opt. 49, G136-G139 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-31-G136
Changhui Rao, Lei Zhu, Xuejun Rao, Chunlin Guan, Donghong Chen, Shanqiu Chen, Jun Lin, Zizhong LiuA 37-element solar adaptive optics system, which consists of a fine tracking loop with a tip/tilt mirror and a correlation tracker, and a high-order correction loop with a 37-element deformable mirror, a correlating Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor, and a real-time controller, was built and ... [Appl. Opt. 49, G129-G135 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-31-G129
Erika Ödlund, Henri-François Raynaud, Caroline Kulcsár, Fabrice Harms, Xavier Levecq, Franck Martins, Nicolas Chateau, Adrian Gh. PodoleanuThe transient response of a deformable mirror to be used in a closed-loop adaptive-optics imaging system is modeled and evaluated. A theoretical model is developed that describes the motion of the mirror membrane. This allows an adaptive control to achieve reduced overshoot and short settling time. ... [Appl. Opt. 49, G120-G128 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-31-G120
Luc Gilles, Lianqi Wang, Brent L. EllerbroekLaser tomography and multiconjugate adaptive optics are under development for ground-based extremely large telescopes. Continuous wave sodium guide star lasers are planned for these systems, but their use raises some difficulties due to the extended nature of the beacons generated in the mesosphere ... [Appl. Opt. 49, G114-G119 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-31-G114
Robert Upton, Myung Cho, Thomas RimmeleWe present formalism and analysis of three active alignment reconstruction techniques applied to the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope. The three reconstructors generate optical control signals that are a matrix product of a wavefront-sensing signal and the reconstructors themselves. The optical ... [Appl. Opt. 49, G105-G113 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-31-G105
Jose Marino, Thomas RimmeleTelemetry data from the solar adaptive optics (AO) system at the 0.76m aperture Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) was used to estimate the long-exposure point spread function (PSF) delivered by the AO. The AO-corrected images were deconvolved ex post facto using the PSF estimate in order to improve the ... [Appl. Opt. 49, G95-G104 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-31-G95
Biophysical Journal - Table of Contents - Volume 97 Issue 7, 07 October 2009
Show articles…Asmahan Abu-Arish, Aude Porcher, Anna Czerwonka, Nathalie Dostatni, Cécile Fradin. The Bicoid (Bcd) morphogen is essential for pattern formation in fruit flies. It forms an exponential concentration gradient along the embryo AP axis and turns on cascades of target genes in disti....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00669-7
Wouter K. den Otter, Marten R. Renes, W.J. Briels. The self-assembly of clathrin proteins into polyhedral cages is simulated for the first time (to our knowledge) by introducing a coarse-grain triskelion particle modeled after clathrin's character....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00721-6
Johan Haumann, Ranjan K. Dash, David F. Stowe, Age D. Boelens, Daniel A. Beard, Amadou K.S. Camara. ADP influx and ADP phosphorylation may alter mitochondrial free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]m) and consequently mitochondrial bioenergetics by several postulated mechanisms. We ....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00619-3
Hiromasa Tanaka, Tau-Mu Yi. RGS proteins stimulate the deactivation of heterotrimeric G-proteins. The yeast RGS protein Sst2 is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. We replaced the SST2
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00664-8
Jens Elgeti, U. Benjamin Kaupp, Gerhard Gompper. Sperm are propelled by an actively beating tail, and display a wide variety of swimming patterns. When confined between two parallel walls, sperm swim either in circles or on curvilinear trajector....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00615-6
Bora Sul, Kuni H. Iwasa. Although gating of mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels has been successfully described by assuming that one channel is associated with a tip link in the hair bundle, recent reports indicat....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00667-3
Jiajun Zhang, Zhanjiang Yuan, Han-Xiong Li, Tianshou Zhou. Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is a challenge in systems biology. An interesting yet related issue is why a particular circuit topology is present in a cell when the....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00675-2
Yuan Lin, V.B. Shenoy, Bin Hu, Limiao Bai. Using a generalized Brownian ratchet model that accounts for the interactions of actin filaments with the surface of Listeria mediated by proteins like ActA and Arp2/3, we have developed a ....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00707-1
Nancy Costigliola, Maryna T. Kapustina, Gabriel E. Weinreb, Andrew Monteith, Zenon Rajfur, Timothy C. Elston, Ken Jacobson. When microtubules are depolymerized in spreading cells, they experience morphological oscillations characterized by a period of about a minute, indicating that normal interactions between the micr....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00720-4
Christopher Bergevin, David S. Velenovsky, Kevin E. Bonine. The tectorial membrane (TM) is widely believed to play an important role in determining the ear's ability to detect and resolve incoming acoustic information. While it is still unclear precisely w....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00722-8
Javad Golji, Mohammad R.K. Mofrad. Vinculin activation plays a critical role in focal adhesion initiation and formation. In its native state, vinculin is in an autoinhibitory conformation in which domain 1 prevents interaction of t....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00660-0
Jun F. Allard, J. Christian Ambrose, Geoffrey O. Wasteneys, Eric N. Cytrynbaum. Microtubules anchored to the two-dimensional cortex of plant cells collide through plus-end polymerization. Collisions can result in rapid depolymerization, directional plus-end entrainment, or cr....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00705-8
K.E. Kasza, C.P. Broedersz, G.H. Koenderink, Y.C. Lin, W. Messner, E.A. Millman, F. Nakamura, T.P. Stossel, F.C. MacKintosh, D.A. Weitz. Networks of the cytoskeletal biopolymer actin cross-linked by the compliant protein filamin form soft gels that stiffen dramatically under shear stress. We demonstrate that the elasticity of these....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00737-X
David Wu, David Van Valen, Qicong Hu, Rob Phillips. We studied the control parameters that govern the dynamics of in vitro DNA ejection in bacteriophage λ. Previous work demonstrated that bacteriophage DNA is highly pressurized, and this pre....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00736-8
Nicolas Rodriguez, Mohamed Yassine Amarouch, Jérôme Montnach, Julien Piron, Alain J. Labro, Flavien Charpentier, Jean Mérot, Isabelle Baró, Gildas Loussouarn. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a phospholipid that has been shown to modulate several ion channels, including some voltage-gated channels like Kv11.1 (hERG). From a bio....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00723-X
Jon V. Busto, Jesús Sot, José Requejo-Isidro, Félix M. Goñi, Alicia Alonso. A set of different biophysical approaches has been used to explore the phase behavior of palmitoylsphingomyelin (pSM)/cholesterol (Chol) model membranes in the presence and absence of palmitoylcer....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00671-5
Sam Walcott, David M. Warshaw. Smooth muscle myosin has two heads, each capable of interacting with actin to generate force and/or motion as it hydrolyzes ATP. These heads are inhibited when their associated regulatory light ch....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00729-0
Troy A. Lionberger, Edgar Meyhöfer. From supercoiled DNA to the tight loops of DNA formed by some gene repressors, DNA in cells is often highly bent. Despite evidence that transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is affected in system....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00624-7
Mikhail N. Zakharov, Alexey Aprelev, Matthew S. Turner, Frank A. Ferrone. Sickle cell disease is a rheological disease, yet no quantitative rheological data exist on microscopic samples at physiological concentrations. We have developed a novel method for measuring the ....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00670-3
Sumit Sharma, B.J. Berne, Sanat K. Kumar. Experimental evidence suggests that proteins adsorbed to hydrophobic surfaces at low coverages are stabilized relative to the bulk. For larger coverages, proteins unfold and form β-sheets. ....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00668-5
Annica M. Wayman, Wei Chen, Rodger P. McEver, Cheng Zhu. During inflammation, flowing leukocytes tether to and roll on vascular surfaces through the association and dissociation of selectin/ligand bonds. The interactions of P- and L- selectins with thei....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00714-9
W.H. Roos, M.M. Gibbons, A. Arkhipov, C. Uetrecht, N.R. Watts, P.T. Wingfield, A.C. Steven, A.J.R. Heck, K. Schulten, W.S. Klug, G.J.L. Wuite. The current rapid growth in the use of nanosized particles is fueled in part by our increased understanding of their physical properties and ability to manipulate them, which is essential for achi....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00672-7
Xueqing Zou, Yanxin Liu, Zhongzhou Chen, Gloria Ines Cárdenas-Jirón, Klaus Schulten. Flow-induced shear has been identified as a regulatory driving force in blood clotting. Shear induces β-hairpin folding of the glycoprotein Ibα β-switch which increases affinity for ....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00674-0
Matthew Auton, Cheng Zhu, Miguel A. Cruz. The binding of Von Willebrand Factor to platelets is dependent on the conformation of the A1 domain which binds to platelet GPIbα. This interaction initiates the adherence of platelets to t....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00708-3
Dana Vuzman, Michal Polonsky, Yaakov Levy. More than 70% of eukaryotic proteins are composed of multiple domains. However, most studies of the search for DNA focus on individual protein domains and do not consider potential cross talk with....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00717-4
Ozge Kurkcuoglu, Paul A. Bates. The structure-function relationship of cohesin, an essential chromosome maintenance protein, is investigated by analyzing its collective dynamics and conformational flexibility, enhancing our unde....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00715-0
Lars V. Bock, Brian Hutchings, Helmut Grubmüller, Dixon J. Woodbury. SNAP-25B is a neuronal protein required for neurotransmitter (NT) release and is the target of Botulinum Toxins A and E. It has two SNARE domains that form a four-helix bundle when combined with s....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00730-7
Karine Berthelot, Sophie Lecomte, Julie Géan, Françoise Immel, Christophe Cullin. Amyloids are thought to be involved in various types of neurodegenerative disorders. Several kinds of intermediates, differing in morphology, size, and toxicity, have been identified in the multis....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00726-5
Mumdooh A.M. Ahmed, Vladimir V. Bamm, George Harauz, Vladimir Ladizhansky. Myelin basic protein (MBP) maintains the tight multilamellar compaction of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system through peripheral binding of adjacent lipid bilayers of oligodendrocytes....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00734-4
Eugenia Pechkova, Ronald Gebhardt, Christian Riekel, Claudio Nicolini. In this study, we used microbeam grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (μGISAXS) to investigate in situ protein nucleation and crystal growth assisted by a protein nanotemplate, an....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00477-7
Ronald Gebhardt, Eugenia Pechkova, Christian Riekel, Claudio Nicolini. The formation of thaumatin crystals by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film nanotemplates was studied by the hanging-drop technique in a flow-through cell by synchrotron radiation micrograzing-incidence sm....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00476-5
Damien Faivre, Anna Fischer, Inés Garcia-Rubio, Giovanni Mastrogiacomo, Andreas U. Gehring. Magnetotactic bacteria benefit from their ability to form cellular magnetic dipoles by assembling stable single-domain ferromagnetic particles in chains as a means to navigate along Earth's magnet....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00673-9
Yuansheng Sun, Horst Wallrabe, Cynthia F. Booker, Richard N. Day, Ammasi Periasamy. FRET technologies are now routinely used to establish the spatial relationships between two cellular components (A and B). Adding a third target component (C) increases the complexity of the analy....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00711-3
Hua Zhang, A.S. Verkman. The fractional volume occupied by extracellular space in tissues, termed α, is an important parameter of tissue architecture that affects cellular functions and drug delivery. We report a t....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00735-6
Aartjan J.W. te Velthuis, Jacob W.J. Kerssemakers, Jan Lipfert, Nynke H. Dekker. Single-molecule techniques are powerful tools that can be used to study the kinetics and mechanics of a variety of enzymes and their complexes. Force spectroscopy, for example, can be used to cont....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00718-6
Gregory Giannone, Eric Hosy, Florian Levet, Audrey Constals, Katrin Schulze, Alexander I. Sobolevsky, Michael P. Rosconi, Eric Gouaux, Robert Tampé, Daniel Choquet, Laurent Cognet. Versatile superresolution imaging methods, able to give dynamic information of endogenous molecules at high density, are still lacking in biological science. Here, superresolved images and diffusi....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00713-7
Alice D. Lam, Sahar Ismail, Ray Wu, Ofer Yizhar, Daniel R. Passmore, Stephen A. Ernst, Edward L. Stuenkel. Biological processes are governed by extensive networks of dynamic molecular interactions. Yet, establishing a spatial and temporal map of these interactions and their direct relationship to speci....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00725-3
Nina Malchus, Matthias Weiss. A multitude of transmembrane proteins enters the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as unfolded polypeptide chains. During their folding process, they interact repetitively with the ER's quality control m....
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/abstract/S0006-3495(10)00732-0
T.J. Chancellor, Jiyeon Lee, Charles K. Thodeti, Tanmay Lele.
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(10)00905-7
Gouthaman S. Balaraman, Supriyo Bhattacharya, Nagarajan Vaidehi.
http://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(10)00906-9
The Journal of Biomedical Optics is intended to be the repository for peer-reviewed papers that utilize modern optical technology for improved health care and biomedical research. Topics suitable for the Journal of Biomedical Optics include the following: medical and biological imaging instrumentation and techniques; noninvasive physiological monitoring; laser-tissue interactions and dosimetry; laser diagnostic and laser therapeutic methods, instruments, and systems; ophthalmic instruments, systems, implants, and clinical applications; optical biosensors; ultrasensitive detection and optical clinical chemistry; optical tomography and photon migration; endoscopic systems and applications; biospectroscopy and optoelectronic instrumentation; fiber optic sensors, instrumentation, and techniques; optical and structural microscopy; applications of optical systems and technologies to biology and medicine.
Show articles…Eva Acosta, Juan M. Bueno, Christina Schwarz et al. Wave aberrations of isolated ex vivo porcine crystalline lenses were measured by using a point-diffraction interferometer. This method allowed us to gain greater insight into the detailed aberration structure of eye lenses showing systematic presence of some dominant aberrations. In order of signifi ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 055001 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/055001/1&agg=rss
Alexander P. Sviridov and Andrey V. Kondyurin A double-integrating-sphere system was used to measure the diffuse transmittance, diffuse reflectance, and collimated transmittance of cartilage and polyacrylamide hydrogel samples as a function of temperature under 1560-nm laser heating conditions. The dynamic behavior of the absorption and scatter ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 055003 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/055003/1&agg=rss
Luis Oliveira, Armindo Lage, M. Pais Clemente et al. It is known that the fibrous structure of muscle causes light scattering. This phenomenon occurs due to the refractive index discontinuities located between muscle fibers and interstitial fluid. To study the possibility of reducing light scattering inside muscle, we consider its spectral transmittan ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 055004 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/055004/1&agg=rss
Moritz Friebel, Jurgen Helfmann, and Martina C. Meinke Plasma osmolarity influences the volume and shape of red blood cells (RBCs). The volume change is inversely related to the hemoglobin concentration and as a consequence to the complex refractive index within the cell. These morphological changes can be linked to changes in the optical behavior of t ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 055005 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/055005/1&agg=rss
Srivathsan Vasudevan, George Chung Kit Chen, Marta Andika et al. Red blood cells (RBCs) have been found to undergo programmed cell death, or eryptosis, and understanding this process can provide more information about apoptosis of nucleated cells. Photothermal (PT) response, a label-free photothermal noninvasive technique, is proposed as a tool to monitor the cel ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 057001 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/057001/1&agg=rss
Diana L. Glennie, Thomas J. Farrell, Joseph E. Hayward et al. The prescribed radiant exposures for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial skin cancers are chosen empirically to maximize the success of the treatment while minimizing adverse reactions for the majority of patients. They do not take into account the wide range of tissue optical properties for h ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 058001 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/058001/1&agg=rss
Myriam E. Rodriguez, Junhwan Kim, Grace B. Delos Santos et al. Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Its peroxidation correlates with release of cytochrome c and induction of apoptosis. The phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 binds preferentially to the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Earlier Forster resonance energy ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 051604 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/051604/1&agg=rss
Michael Price and David Kessel Fluorescent probes are frequently employed for the detection of different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed during the irradiation of photosensitized cells and tissues. Investigators often interpret the results in terms of information provided with the different probes without examining sp ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 051605 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/051605/1&agg=rss
Blaise Lovisa, Patrice Jichlinski, Bernd-Claus Weber et al. Fluorescence imaging for detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is based on the selective production and accumulation of fluorescing porphyrinsmainly, protoporphyrin IXin cancerous tissues after the instillation of Hexvix. Although the sensitivity of this procedure is very good, its specifi ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 051606 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/051606/1&agg=rss
Blaise Lovisa, Patrice Jichlinski, Bernd-Claus Weber et al. Fluorescence imaging for detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is based on the selective production and accumulation of fluorescing porphyrinsmainly, protoporphyrin IXin cancerous tissues after the instillation of Hexvix. Although the sensitivity of this procedure is very good, its specifi ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 051606 (2010)] published Thu Sep 2, 2010.
http://link.aip.org/link/?JBO/15/051606/1&agg=rss
Nature Photonics offers a unique mix of news and reviews alongside top-quality research papers. Published monthly, in print and online, the journal reflects the entire spectrum of photonics and optics.
Show articles…Japan's new government has reversed its decision for research funding and angered many scientists in the process as budgets — including those for photonics research — get cut.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/LR4TuYK7ETI/nphoton.2009.275
A scheme for the remote sensing of terahertz waves over distances of tens of metres could have important applications in security and biology. Xi-Cheng Zhang from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute spoke to Nature Photonics about his group's latest work in this field.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/LRaXhmkGOkA/nphoton.2010.216
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/v5qh_T4HLgY/nphoton.2010.219
Belgian research institute imec is uniquely capable of manufacturing both polymer and small-molecule organic photovoltaic technology. Nadya Anscombe talks to Tom Aernouts, team leader of the organic photovoltaic division at imec, about these competing technologies.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/hEtvxOEUqHQ/nphoton.2010.192
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/VQh8PBQ_gsM/nphoton.2010.201
Quantum-dot-based solar cells promise to deliver efficiencies approaching those of crystalline solar cells but with the manufacturing simplicity of organics.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/yWO3n_35a04/nphoton.2010.209
Sphelar solar-cell technology uses an array of tiny spheres of silicon within a transparent matrix to generate power, promising new opportunities for the use of solar cells in power-generating windows and portable, foldable power supplies.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/OJ9bz3qMo1A/nphoton.2010.193
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/xiyK-5KE8bQ/nphoton.2010.199
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/hjpb4GCG-Eo/nphoton.2010.208
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nphoton/rss/current/~3/ciJXS_PoA6Y/nphoton.2010.207
Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life.
Show articles…Graphene has attracted considerable interest as a potential new electronic material. With its high carrier mobility, graphene is of particular interest for ultrahigh-speed radio-frequency electronics. However, conventional device fabrication processes cannot readily be applied to produce high-speed graphene transistors because they often introduce significant defects into the monolayer of carbon lattices and severely degrade the device performance. Here we report an approach to the fabrication of high-speed graphene transistors with a self-aligned nanowire gate to prevent such degradation. A Co2Si–Al2O3 core–shell nanowire is used as the gate, with the source and drain electrodes defined through a self-alignment process and the channel length defined by the nanowire diameter. The physical assembly of the nanowire gate preserves the high carrier mobility in graphene, and the self-alignment process ensures that the edges of the source, drain and gate electrodes are automatically and precisely positioned so that no overlapping or significant gaps exist between these electrodes, thus minimizing access resistance. It therefore allows for transistor performance not previously possible. Graphene transistors with a channel length as low as 140 nm have been fabricated with the highest scaled on-current (3.32 mA μm−1) and transconductance (1.27 mS μm−1) reported so far. Significantly, on-chip microwave measurements demonstrate that the self-aligned devices have a high intrinsic cut-off (transit) frequency of fT = 100–300 GHz, with the extrinsic fT (in the range of a few gigahertz) largely limited by parasitic pad capacitance. The reported intrinsic fT of the graphene transistors is comparable to that of the very best high-electron-mobility transistors with similar gate lengths.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/dhye7n3VJcM/nature09405
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates all exchange between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Small molecules can passively diffuse through the NPC, whereas larger cargos require transport receptors to translocate. How the NPC facilitates the translocation of transport receptor/cargo complexes remains unclear. To investigate this process, we tracked single protein-functionalized quantum dot cargos as they moved through human NPCs. Here we show that import proceeds by successive substeps comprising cargo capture, filtering and translocation, and release into the nucleus. Most quantum dots are rejected at one of these steps and return to the cytoplasm, including very large cargos that abort at a size-selective barrier. Cargo movement in the central channel is subdiffusive and cargos that can bind more transport receptors diffuse more freely. Without Ran GTPase, a critical regulator of transport directionality, cargos still explore the entire NPC, but have a markedly reduced probability of exit into the nucleus, suggesting that NPC entry and exit steps are not equivalent and that the pore is functionally asymmetric to importing cargos. The overall selectivity of the NPC seems to arise from the cumulative action of multiple reversible substeps and a final irreversible exit step.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/txG1vC8WbSw/nature09285
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates all exchange between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Small molecules can passively diffuse through the NPC, whereas larger cargos require transport receptors to translocate. How the NPC facilitates the translocation of transport receptor/cargo complexes remains unclear. To investigate this process, we tracked single protein-functionalized quantum dot cargos as they moved through human NPCs. Here we show that import proceeds by successive substeps comprising cargo capture, filtering and translocation, and release into the nucleus. Most quantum dots are rejected at one of these steps and return to the cytoplasm, including very large cargos that abort at a size-selective barrier. Cargo movement in the central channel is subdiffusive and cargos that can bind more transport receptors diffuse more freely. Without Ran GTPase, a critical regulator of transport directionality, cargos still explore the entire NPC, but have a markedly reduced probability of exit into the nucleus, suggesting that NPC entry and exit steps are not equivalent and that the pore is functionally asymmetric to importing cargos. The overall selectivity of the NPC seems to arise from the cumulative action of multiple reversible substeps and a final irreversible exit step.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/txG1vC8WbSw/nature09285
Graphene has attracted considerable interest as a potential new electronic material. With its high carrier mobility, graphene is of particular interest for ultrahigh-speed radio-frequency electronics. However, conventional device fabrication processes cannot readily be applied to produce high-speed graphene transistors because they often introduce significant defects into the monolayer of carbon lattices and severely degrade the device performance. Here we report an approach to the fabrication of high-speed graphene transistors with a self-aligned nanowire gate to prevent such degradation. A Co2Si–Al2O3 core–shell nanowire is used as the gate, with the source and drain electrodes defined through a self-alignment process and the channel length defined by the nanowire diameter. The physical assembly of the nanowire gate preserves the high carrier mobility in graphene, and the self-alignment process ensures that the edges of the source, drain and gate electrodes are automatically and precisely positioned so that no overlapping or significant gaps exist between these electrodes, thus minimizing access resistance. It therefore allows for transistor performance not previously possible. Graphene transistors with a channel length as low as 140 nm have been fabricated with the highest scaled on-current (3.32 mA μm−1) and transconductance (1.27 mS μm−1) reported so far. Significantly, on-chip microwave measurements demonstrate that the self-aligned devices have a high intrinsic cut-off (transit) frequency of fT = 100–300 GHz, with the extrinsic fT (in the range of a few gigahertz) largely limited by parasitic pad capacitance. The reported intrinsic fT of the graphene transistors is comparable to that of the very best high-electron-mobility transistors with similar gate lengths.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/dhye7n3VJcM/nature09405
The 7-methylguanosine cap structure at the 5′ end of eukaryotic messenger RNAs is a critical determinant of their stability and translational efficiency. It is generally believed that 5′-end capping is a constitutive process that occurs during mRNA maturation and lacks the need for a quality-control mechanism to ensure its fidelity. We recently reported that the yeast Rai1 protein has pyrophosphohydrolase activity towards mRNAs lacking a 5′-end cap. Here we show that, in vitro as well as in yeast cells, Rai1 possesses a novel decapping endonuclease activity that can also remove the entire cap structure dinucleotide from an mRNA. This activity is targeted preferentially towards mRNAs with unmethylated caps in contrast to the canonical decapping enzyme, Dcp2, which targets mRNAs with a methylated cap. Capped but unmethylated mRNAs generated in yeast cells with a defect in the methyltransferase gene are more stable in a rai1-gene-disrupted background. Moreover, rai1Δ yeast cells with wild-type capping enzymes show significant accumulation of mRNAs with 5′-end capping defects under nutritional stress conditions of glucose starvation or amino acid starvation. These findings provide evidence that 5′-end capping is not a constitutive process that necessarily always proceeds to completion and demonstrates that Rai1 has an essential role in clearing mRNAs with aberrant 5′-end caps. We propose that Rai1 is involved in an as yet uncharacterized quality control process that ensures mRNA 5′-end integrity by an aberrant-cap-mediated mRNA decay mechanism.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/RI6xA60dFxk/nature09338
Successful partition of replicated genomes at cell division requires chromosome attachment to opposite poles of mitotic spindle (bi-orientation). Any defects in this regulation bring about chromosomal instability, which may accelerate tumour progression in humans. To achieve chromosome bi-orientation at prometaphase, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), composed of catalytic kinase Aurora B and regulatory components (INCENP, Survivin and Borealin), must be localized to centromeres to phosphorylate kinetochore substrates. Although the CPC dynamically changes the subcellular localization, the regulation of centromere targeting is largely unknown. Here we isolated a fission yeast cyclin B mutant defective specifically in chromosome bi-orientation. Accordingly, we identified Cdk1 (also known as Cdc2)–cyclin-B-dependent phosphorylation of Survivin. Preventing Survivin phosphorylation impairs centromere CPC targeting as well as chromosome bi-orientation, whereas phosphomimetic Survivin suppresses the bi-orientation defect in the cyclin B mutant. Survivin phosphorylation promotes direct binding with shugoshin, which we now define as a conserved centromeric adaptor of the CPC. In human cells, the phosphorylation of Borealin has a comparable role. Thus, our study resolves the conserved mechanisms of CPC targeting to centromeres, highlighting a key role of Cdk1–cyclin B in chromosome bi-orientation.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/CAUyNlRjrRM/nature09390
Centromeres are specified epigenetically, and the histone H3 variant CENP-A is assembled into the chromatin of all active centromeres. Divergence from H3 raises the possibility that CENP-A generates unique chromatin features to mark physically centromere location. Here we report the crystal structure of a subnucleosomal heterotetramer, human (CENP-A–H4)2, that reveals three distinguishing properties encoded by the residues that comprise the CENP-A targeting domain (CATD; ref. 2): (1) a CENP-A–CENP-A interface that is substantially rotated relative to the H3–H3 interface; (2) a protruding loop L1 of the opposite charge as that on H3; and (3) strong hydrophobic contacts that rigidify the CENP-A–H4 interface. Residues involved in the CENP-A–CENP-A rotation are required for efficient incorporation into centromeric chromatin, indicating specificity for an unconventional nucleosome shape. DNA topological analysis indicates that CENP-A-containing nucleosomes are octameric with conventional left-handed DNA wrapping, in contrast to other recent proposals. Our results indicate that CENP-A marks centromere location by restructuring the nucleosome from within its folded histone core.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/sq1odysvB8o/nature09323
The development of the human cerebral cortex is an orchestrated process involving the generation of neural progenitors in the periventricular germinal zones, cell proliferation characterized by symmetric and asymmetric mitoses, followed by migration of post-mitotic neurons to their final destinations in six highly ordered, functionally specialized layers. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding these intricate processes is in its infancy, substantially driven by the discovery of rare mutations that cause malformations of cortical development. Mapping of disease loci in putative Mendelian forms of malformations of cortical development has been hindered by marked locus heterogeneity, small kindred sizes and diagnostic classifications that may not reflect molecular pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate the use of whole-exome sequencing to overcome these obstacles by identifying recessive mutations in WD repeat domain 62 (WDR62) as the cause of a wide spectrum of severe cerebral cortical malformations including microcephaly, pachygyria with cortical thickening as well as hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Some patients with mutations in WDR62 had evidence of additional abnormalities including lissencephaly, schizencephaly, polymicrogyria and, in one instance, cerebellar hypoplasia, all traits traditionally regarded as distinct entities. In mice and humans, WDR62 transcripts and protein are enriched in neural progenitors within the ventricular and subventricular zones. Expression of WDR62 in the neocortex is transient, spanning the period of embryonic neurogenesis. Unlike other known microcephaly genes, WDR62 does not apparently associate with centrosomes and is predominantly nuclear in localization. These findings unify previously disparate aspects of cerebral cortical development and highlight the use of whole-exome sequencing to identify disease loci in settings in which traditional methods have proved challenging.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/dbwrRxyaRdk/nature09327
Isolated, atomically thin conducting membranes of graphite, called graphene, have recently been the subject of intense research with the hope that practical applications in fields ranging from electronics to energy science will emerge. The atomic thinness, stability and electrical sensitivity of graphene motivated us to investigate the potential use of graphene membranes and graphene nanopores to characterize single molecules of DNA in ionic solution. Here we show that when immersed in an ionic solution, a layer of graphene becomes a new electrochemical structure that we call a trans-electrode. The trans-electrode’s unique properties are the consequence of the atomic-scale proximity of its two opposing liquid–solid interfaces together with graphene’s well known in-plane conductivity. We show that several trans-electrode properties are revealed by ionic conductance measurements on a graphene membrane that separates two aqueous ionic solutions. Although our membranes are only one to two atomic layers thick, we find they are remarkable ionic insulators with a very small stable conductance that depends on the ion species in solution. Electrical measurements on graphene membranes in which a single nanopore has been drilled show that the membrane’s effective insulating thickness is less than one nanometre. This small effective thickness makes graphene an ideal substrate for very high resolution, high throughput nanopore-based single-molecule detectors. The sensitivity of graphene’s in-plane electronic conductivity to its immediate surface environment and trans-membrane solution potentials will offer new insights into atomic surface processes and sensor development opportunities.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/aop/~3/fNfUIJ0P9sM/nature09379
Nature is the international weekly journal of science: a magazine style journal that publishes full-length research papers in all disciplines of science, as well as News and Views, reviews, news, features, commentaries, web focuses and more, covering all branches of science and how science impacts upon all aspects of society and life.
Show articles…Over the past several decades, quantum information science has emerged to seek answers to the question: can we gain some advantage by storing, transmitting and processing information encoded in systems that exhibit unique quantum properties? Today it is understood that the answer is yes, and many research groups around the world are working towards the highly ambitious technological goal of building a quantum computer, which would dramatically improve computational power for particular tasks. A number of physical systems, spanning much of modern physics, are being developed for quantum computation. However, it remains unclear which technology, if any, will ultimately prove successful. Here we describe the latest developments for each of the leading approaches and explain the major challenges for the future.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/jSY_Sp3u-Z8/nature08812
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder afflicting millions of people worldwide. Once diagnosed, patients require lifelong insulin treatment and can experience numerous disease-associated complications. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in elucidating the causes and treatment of the disease based on extensive research both in rodent models of spontaneous diabetes and in humans. Integrating these advances has led to the recognition that the balance between regulatory and effector T cells determines disease risk, timing of disease activation, and disease tempo. Here we describe current progress, the challenges ahead and the new interventions that are being tested to address the unmet need for preventative or curative therapies.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/kRyczrVhJJ4/nature08933
For 350 years after Galileo's discoveries, ground-based telescopes and theoretical modelling furnished everything known about the Sun's planetary retinue. Over the past five decades, data from spacecraft sent to all the planets and some of their satellites have shown the diversity of Solar System bodies. Many planets and satellites have changed substantially since their birth, and violent events punctuate their histories.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/3DMBKhfcfjM/nature09215
Using historical data combined with more recent satellite observations, these authors show that global phytoplankton biomass has been declining during the past century.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/dwQNAMkdcYA/nature09268
Eusociality, in which some individuals reduce their own lifetime reproductive potential to raise the offspring of others, underlies the most advanced forms of social organization and the ecologically dominant role of social insects and humans. For the past four decades kin selection theory, based on the concept of inclusive fitness, has been the major theoretical attempt to explain the evolution of eusociality. Here we show the limitations of this approach. We argue that standard natural selection theory in the context of precise models of population structure represents a simpler and superior approach, allows the evaluation of multiple competing hypotheses, and provides an exact framework for interpreting empirical observations.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/boGYWKV8BR8/nature09205
At the end of the last ice age, rising atmospheric CO2 levels coincided with a decline in radiocarbon activity, suggesting the release of highly radiocarbon-depleted CO2 from the deep ocean to the atmosphere. These authors present radiocarbon records of surface and intermediate-depth waters from two sediment cores and find an decrease in radiocarbon activity that precedes and roughly equals in magnitude the decrease in the atmospheric radiocarbon signal during the early stages of the glacial–interglacial climatic transition.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/T6waWejiDWE/nature09288
Arising from: H. Müller, A. Peters & S. Chu Nature463, 926–929 (2010); Müller & Chu replyIn ref. 1 the authors present a re-interpretation of atom interferometry experiments published a decade ago. They now consider the atom interferometry experiments as a measurement of the gravitational redshift on the quantum clock operating at the Compton frequency ωC = mc2/ ≈ 2π × 3.0 × 1025 Hz, where m is the caesium (Cs) atom rest mass. They then argue that this redshift measurement compares favourably with existing as well as projected clock tests. Here we show that this interpretation is incorrect.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/vrSkVR4goRc/nature09340
Replying to: P. Wolf et al.Nature doi:10.1038/nature09340 (2010)We stand by our result. The Comment revisits an interesting issue that has been known for decades. Because it applies to all experiments, classical redshift tests and atom interferometry redshift tests are equivalent for all aspects in question.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/YtS97clD8WU/nature09341
The last quarter of the twentieth century and the beginning decade of the twenty-first witnessed spectacular discoveries in the chemistry of the heavier main-group elements. The new compounds that were synthesized highlighted the fundamental differences between their electronic properties and those of the lighter elements to a degree that was not previously apparent. This has led to new structural and bonding insights as well as a gradually increasing realization that the chemistry of the heavier main-group elements more resembles that of transition-metal complexes than that of their lighter main-group congeners. The similarity is underlined by recent work, which has shown that many of the new compounds react with small molecules such as H2, NH3, C2H4 or CO under mild conditions and display potential for applications in catalysis.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/41zpF0g0t3c/nature08634
When double-strand breaks occur in DNA, the broken ends must undergo processing to prepare them for repair. Here, and in an accompanying study, this processing reaction has now been replicated in vitro using yeast proteins. Processing minimally requires the activities of a helicase, a nuclease and a single-strand-binding protein, although the reaction is enhanced by the addition of three factors that help to target the core complex and stimulate the unwinding activity.
http://feeds.nature.com/~r/nature/rss/current/~3/_haRh-aYT38/nature09355
Optics Express
Show articles…Eldon Ng, Fartash Vasefi, Bozena Kaminska, Glenn H. Chapman, Jeffrey J.L. CarsonIn Angular Domain Imaging, image contrast and resolution are position dependent. The objective of this work was to characterize the contrast and resolution of an ADI system at a multitude of locations within the imaging plane, then compare the reconstructions of different targets using filtered ... [Opt. Express 18, 19444-19455 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19444
Ngoc Hai Vu, Jin-Tae Kim, Eun-Sun Kim, Chang-Hyun Jung, Kyung-Goo Lee, In-Kag HwangWe propose and demonstrate bend-insensitive fibers equipped with higher-order mode strippers. The mode stripper is realized by filling a section of air holes with epoxy to attenuate any higher-order modes that are excited at fiber junctions and are confined by the air holes surrounding the core. We ... [Opt. Express 18, 19456-19461 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19456
Yann Cotte, M. Fatih Toy, Nicolas Pavillon, Christian DepeursingeBased on truncated inverse filtering, a theory for deconvolution of complex fields is studied. The validity of the theory is verified by comparing with experimental data from digital holographic microscopy (DHM) using a high-NA system (NA=0.95). Comparison with standard intensity deconvolution ... [Opt. Express 18, 19462-19478 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19462
I. Razdobreev, H. El Hamzaoui, L. Bigot, V. Arion, G. Bouwmans, A. Le Rouge, M. BouazaouiOptical properties of a Bismuth-doped pure silica sol-gel core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) were investigated. We report on the absorption, CW luminescence and time resolved luminescence spectra at different excitation wavelengths at room temperature. Complex structure of the energy levels of ... [Opt. Express 18, 19479-19484 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19479
Lorenz Stuerzebecher, Torsten Harzendorf, Uwe Vogler, Uwe D. Zeitner, Reinhard VoelkelThe Talbot effect is utilized for micro-fabrication of periodic microstructures via proximity lithography in a mask aligner. A novel illumination system, referred to as MO Exposure Optics, allows to control the effective source shape and accordingly the angular spectrum of the illumination light. ... [Opt. Express 18, 19485-19494 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19485
Lin Cai, Guangyuan Li, Feng Xiao, Zhonghua Wang, Anshi XuA metallic nano-slit surrounded with asymmetric grooves is proposed as the plasmonic concentrator for oblique incident light. A theoretical model based on the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupled-mode method is derived for the extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through such a structure ... [Opt. Express 18, 19495-19503 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19495
Tomoyoshi Shimobaba, Hirotaka Nakayama, Nobuyuki Masuda, Tomoyoshi ItoA rapid calculation method of Fresnel computer-generatedhologram (CGH) using look-up table and wavefront-recording plane (WRP) methods toward three-dimensional (3D) display is presented. The method consists of two steps: the first step is the calculation of a WRP that is placed between a 3D object ... [Opt. Express 18, 19504-19509 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19504
Ruey-Lin Chern, Yu-Tang Chen, Hoang-Yan LinThe absorption in metallic gratings with subwavelength slits is theoretically investigated. Anomalous optical absorption occurs over a wide range of incident angles for both polarizations. In particular, a nearly perfect absorbance up to 99.5% with a significant bandwidth is attained for TM ... [Opt. Express 18, 19510-19521 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19510
J. A. Mores, G. N. Malheiros-Silveira, H. L. Fragnito, H. E. Hernández-FigueroaAn efficient numerical strategy to compute the higher-order dispersion parameters of optical waveguides is presented. For the first time to our knowledge, a systematic study of the errors involved in the higher-order dispersions’ numerical calculation process is made, showing that the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19522-19531 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19522
Jost Müller, Michael Krause, Hagen Renner, Ernst BrinkmeyerWe report on measurements that show the strength of the spontaneous Raman scattering in strongly confining silicon waveguides to depend significantly on the propagation direction of the amplified signal wave with respect to the pump wave. ... [Opt. Express 18, 19532-19540 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19532
Mohammad Soltani, Qing Li, Siva Yegnanarayanan, Ali AdibiHigh Q traveling-wave resonators (TWR)s are one of the key building block components for VLSI Photonics and photonic integrated circuits (PIC). However, dense VLSI integration requires small footprint resonators. While photonic crystal resonators have shown the record in simultaneous high Q ... [Opt. Express 18, 19541-19557 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19541
P. Zilio, D. Sammito, G. Zacco, F. RomanatoOptical simulations of 1D digital plasmonic gratings on a Silicon substrate are performed by means of the Finite Elements Method and a modal analysis. The different mechanisms of transmission of the light are elucidated. The absorption profile in Silicon can be modulated and controlled changing the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19558-19565 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19558
V. PeetThe far-field pattern of Gaussian beams transformed by conical refraction in biaxial crystal is analyzed. It is shown that one of the two outgoing beam components acquires, under certain conditions, a profile with a dominating central peak. The width of this peak can be made significantly ... [Opt. Express 18, 19566-19573 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19566
F. Peter, S. Winnerl, H. Schneider, M. HelmWe report on phase matched THz emission from GaAs using the anomalous dispersion introduced by optical phonon absorption at the reststrahlenband in GaAs. For this system tunability of the emitted THz frequencies by changing the near infrared excitation wavelength is predicted. We investigate this ... [Opt. Express 18, 19574-19580 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19574
Jingqing Huang, Se-Heon Kim, Axel SchererWe analyze metal-clad disk cavities designed for nanolasers in the visible red spectrum with subwavelength device size and mode volume. Metal cladding suppresses radiation loss and supports low order modes with room temperature Q of 200 to 300. Non-degenerate single-mode operation with enhanced ... [Opt. Express 18, 19581-19591 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19581
Adrian Taruttis, Eva Herzog, Daniel Razansky, Vasilis NtziachristosMacroscopic visualization of functional and molecular features of cardiovascular disease is emerging as an important tool in basic research and clinical translation of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We showcase the application of Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) techniques ... [Opt. Express 18, 19592-19602 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19592
Huan Liu, Qiang Liu, Mali GongCorner pumping is a new pumping scheme for diode-pumped solid-state lasers, which has the advantages of high pump efficiency and favorable pump uniformity. A continuous-wave corner-pumped Nd:YAG/ YAG composite slab multi-wavelength laser at around 1.1 µm is demonstrated. The maximal output ... [Opt. Express 18, 19603-19611 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19603
F. Mandorlo, P. Rojo Romeo, X. Letartre, R. Orobtchouk, P. ViktorovitchA study of vertical coupling conditions between microdisk based resonators and waveguides is presented using an analytical model. The coupling efficiency optimization is investigated and compared to 3D FDTD computations. We also demonstrate that coupling losses can be exploited to favor high ... [Opt. Express 18, 19612-19625 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19612
Aris Alexopoulos, Bobby YauWe derive the d-dimensional scattering cross section for homogeneous and composite hyper-particles inside a metamaterial. The polarizability of the hyper-particles is expressed in multi-dimensional form and is used in order to examine various scattering characteristics. We introduce scattering ... [Opt. Express 18, 19626-19644 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19626
Alipasha Vaziri, Charles V. ShankThe need for optical sectioning in bio-imaging has amongst others led to the development of the two-photon scanning microscopy. However, this comes with some intrinsic fundamental limitations in the temporal domain as the focused spot has to be scanned mechanically in the sample plane. Hence for a ... [Opt. Express 18, 19677-19687 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19677
Wen-Kai Kuo, Chih-Hao ChangIn this paper, the phase detection properties of a grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) sensor with a thin metal film on the grating structure has been studied by performing finite-difference time-domain simulation first. Both the metal film thickness and modulation height of the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19688-19696 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19688
Wei Ting Chen, Pin Chieh Wu, Chen Jung Chen, Hung-Yi Chung, Yuan-Fong Chau, Chieh-Hsiung Kuan, Din Ping TsaiThe Taiji symbol is a very old schematic representation of two opposing but complementary patterns in oriental civilization. Using electron beam lithography, we fabricated an array of 70 × 70 gold Taiji marks with 30nm thickness and a total area of 50 × 50 µm^2 on a fused silica ... [Opt. Express 18, 19697-19703 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19697
Kenneth J. Voss, Nordine SouaidiaWhile the upwelling radiance distribution in the ocean can be highly polarized, there are few measurements of this parameter in the open ocean. To obtain the polarized in-water upwelling spectral radiance distribution data we have developed the POLRADS instrument. This instrument is based on the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19704-19712 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19704
Alipasha Vaziri, Charles V. ShankThe need for optical sectioning in bio-imaging has amongst others led to the development of the two-photon scanning microscopy. However, this comes with some intrinsic fundamental limitations in the temporal domain as the focused spot has to be scanned mechanically in the sample plane. Hence for a ... [Opt. Express 18, 19645-19655 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19645
Wen-Kai Kuo, Chih-Hao ChangIn this paper, the phase detection properties of a grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) sensor with a thin metal film on the grating structure has been studied by performing finite-difference time-domain simulation first. Both the metal film thickness and modulation height of the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19656-19664 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19656
Wei Ting Chen, Pin Chieh Wu, Chen Jung Chen, Hung-Yi Chung, Yuan-Fong Chau, Chieh-Hsiung Kuan, Din Ping TsaiThe Taiji symbol is a very old schematic representation of two opposing but complementary patterns in oriental civilization. Using electron beam lithography, we fabricated an array of 70 × 70 gold Taiji marks with 30nm thickness and a total area of 50 × 50 µm^2 on a fused silica ... [Opt. Express 18, 19665-19671 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19665
Kenneth J. Voss, Nordine SouaidiaWhile the upwelling radiance distribution in the ocean can be highly polarized, there are few measurements of this parameter in the open ocean. To obtain the polarized in-water upwelling spectral radiance distribution data we have developed the POLRADS instrument. This instrument is based on the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19672-19680 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19672
Peter R. T. Munro, Konstantin Ignatyev, Robert D. Speller, Alessandro OlivoThere is currently much interest in developing X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging (XPCI) systems which employ laboratory sources in order to deploy the technique in real world applications. The challenge faced by nearly all XPCI techniques is that of efficiently ... [Opt. Express 18, 19681-19692 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19681
In-Ho Bae, Young-Wook Cho, Hee Jung Lee, Yoon-Ho Kim, Han Seb MoonWe report an experimental demonstration of slow and superluminal propagation of pseudo-thermal (chaotic) light in the Λ-type system of the 5S_1/2-5P_1/2 transition of ^87Rb atom. The slowed propagation of pulsed pseudo-thermal light was demonstrated in an ... [Opt. Express 18, 19693-19699 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19693
G. W. ForbesWhether in design or the various stages of fabrication and testing, an effective representation of an asphere’s shape is critical. Some algorithms are given for implementing tailored polynomials that are ideally suited to these needs. With minimal coding, these results allow a recently ... [Opt. Express 18, 19700-19712 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19700
John C. Lambropoulos, Chunlin Miao, Stephen D. JacobsWe use a recent experimental technique to measure in situ shear and normal stresses during magnetorheological finishing (MRF) of a borosilicate glass over a range of magnetic fields. At low fields shear stresses increase with magnetic field, but become field-independent at higher magnetic fields. ... [Opt. Express 18, 19713-19723 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19713
D. A. Reid, S. G. Murdoch, L. P. BarryWe present a heterodyne measurement of the spectral amplitude and phase of periodic optical signals. In contrast to previous techniques this measurement requires no optical modulation of either the signal or the local oscillator, places much relaxed tunability requirements on the optical local ... [Opt. Express 18, 19724-19731 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19724
Steffen Wilbrandt, Olaf Stenzel, Norbert KaiserA new all-oxide design for broadband antireflection coatings with significantly reduced impact of deposition errors to the final reflectance is presented. Computational manufacturing including re-optimization during deposition has been used in the design work to account for maximum insensibility of ... [Opt. Express 18, 19732-19742 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19732
Yuanzheng Gong, Song ZhangThis paper presents a technique that reaches 3-D shape measurement speed beyond the digital-light-processing (DLP) projector’s projection speed. In particular, a “solid-state” binary structured pattern is generated with each micro-mirror pixel always being at one status (ON or ... [Opt. Express 18, 19743-19754 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19743
Ik-Bu Sohn, Youngseop Kim, Young-Chul Noh, In Won Lee, Jun Ki Kim, Ho LeeMost optical fibers are designed for forward firing i.e. the light is emitted at the distal end along the optical axis of the fiber. In some applications such as the laser surgery and laser scanners, side firing of the optical fiber is required. In this paper, we present the microstructuring of an ... [Opt. Express 18, 19755-19760 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19755
Jan N. Caspers, Nir Rotenberg, Henry M. van DrielUsing a gold/silicon grating coupler and modulating the silicon dielectric constant with 775 nm, 800 fs pump pulses we demonstrate an ultrafast spectral shift to a surface plasmon polariton coupling resonance for 1300-1700 nm probe pulses. With a modest pump fluence of 2.2 mJcm^−2 the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19761-19769 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19761
Michael I. MishchenkoThis paper solves the long-standing problem of establishing the fundamental physical link between the radiative transfer theory and macroscopic electromagnetics in the case of elastic scattering by a sparse discrete random medium. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is derived directly from the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19770-19791 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19770
C. J. McKinstrie, M. Karlsson, Z. TongIn a previous paper [Opt. Express 13, 4986 (2005)], formulas were derived for the field-quadrature and photon-number variances produced by multiple-mode parametric processes. In this paper, formulas are derived for the quadrature and number correlations. The number formulas are used to analyze the ... [Opt. Express 18, 19792-19823 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19792
Byoungchoo Park, Yoon Ho Huh, Hong Goo JeonWe present results that show highly polarized electroluminescence (EL) from an organic light-emitting device (OLED) by using a quarter-wave (λ/4) retardation plate (QWP) film and a giant birefringent optical (GBO) photonic reflective polarizer. Polarized EL light of 13,400 cd/m^2 with high ... [Opt. Express 18, 19824-19830 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19824
Mohamed A. Swillam, Amr S. HelmyPlasmonic modes in rectangular metallic waveguides are analyzed in depth and are demonstrated to possess attractive properties for different applications. Their dispersion characteristics allow for wide range of applications including slow and fast light, metamaterial, low loss energy transmission, ... [Opt. Express 18, 19831-19843 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19831
Graham D. Marshall, Robert J. Williams, Nemanja Jovanovic, M. J. Steel, Michael J. WithfordThe point-by-point technique of fabricating fibre-Bragg gratings using an ultrafast laser enables complete control of the position of each index modification that comprises the grating. By tailoring the local phase, amplitude and spacing of the grating’s refractive index modulations it is ... [Opt. Express 18, 19844-19859 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19844
Thomas Fricke-Begemann, Jürgen IhlemannWe present a novel coupling scheme using a collimating gradient-index (GRIN) element provided with a high frequency grating to couple light from a single mode optical fiber directly to planar thin-film waveguides. The waveguide devices are used, for example, for an efficient fluorescence excitation ... [Opt. Express 18, 19860-19866 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-19-19860
Optics Letters
Show articles…Andrew J. Lee, Jipeng Lin, Helen M. PaskWe report the first cw intracavity crystalline Raman laser operating at the second-Stokes wavelength. Approximately 950mW emission is obtained at 1308nm from a Nd:GdVO_4 self-Raman laser, with an overall (diode to 1308nm) conversion efficiency of 6.8%. By intracavity sum-frequency mixing the first- ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3000-3002 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3000
Naoshi Murakami, Naoshi BabaWe propose a common-path lateral-shearing nulling interferometer for direct detection of exoplanets. A Savart plate is placed between crossed polarizers to produce a lateral shear and realize fully achromatic and highly stable nulling interference for starlight. We construct a double-shearing ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3003-3005 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3003
L. G. Helt, Zhenshan Yang, Marco Liscidini, J. E. SipeWe consider spontaneous four-wave mixing in a microring resonator, presenting photon-pair generation rates and biphoton wave functions. We show how generation rates can be simply predicted from the performance of the device in the classical regime and that a wide variety of biphoton wave functions ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3006-3008 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3006
Stefano Minardi, Thomas PertschWe explore the capabilities of discrete diffraction in phase retrieval problems and propose an innovative scheme exploiting a two-dimensional array of coupled waveguides to determine the phase and amplitude of the mutual correlation function between any pair of three telescopes of an ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3009-3011 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3009
Hyung Gu Kim, Hyun Kyu Kim, Hee Yun Kim, Hyun Jeong, S. Chandramohan, Periyayya Uthirakumar, Mun Seok Jeong, Jeong-Sik Lee, Eun-Kyung Suh, Chang-Hee HongWe report on the development of periodically oriented embedded air protrusion (EAP) structures at the GaN–sapphire interface in InGaN/GaN LEDs. A specific SiO_2 mask pattern and a simple wet etching process were utilized for the fabrication of EAP structures. A strong coupling between ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3012-3014 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3012
Axel Ruehl, Andrius Marcinkevicius, Martin E. Fermann, Ingmar HartlWe report on a high-power fiber frequency comb exhibiting linear chirped-pulse amplification up to 80W and generating 120fs pulses. By proper matching of the group delay between the fiber stretcher and compressor, a compression ratio of 3100 could be achieved. Carrier envelope offset ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3015-3017 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3015
Jae Hee Sung, Seong Ku Lee, Tae Jun Yu, Tae Moon Jeong, Jongmin LeeWe report on the generation of 1.0PW, 30fs laser pulses at a 0.1Hz repetition rate from a chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire laser system. The energy of the laser pulses is amplified up to 47J in a final three-pass booster amplifier having 96J pump energy. To the best of our knowledge, this is ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3021-3023 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3021
Michael L. Cooper, Greeshma Gupta, Mark A. Schneider, William M. J. Green, Solomon Assefa, Fengnian Xia, Dawn K. Gifford, Shayan MookherjeaThe dispersion of the waveguides that constitute microring resonators can considerably affect the dispersion characteristics of coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs). We derive expressions for CROW dispersion and group delay for silicon-on-insulator microring CROWs, showing both ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3030-3032 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3030
Edward D. Farnum, J. Nathan KutzWe propose a model that is valid for ultrafast pulse propagation in a mode-locked laser cavity in the few-femtosecond pulse regime, thus deriving the equivalent of the master mode-locking equation for ultrashort pulses that has dominated mode-locking theory for two decades. The short-pulse equation ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3033-3035 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3033
James P. Ryle, Dayan Li, John T. SheridanAccess to the spatial derivatives of an optical wave field can be used to enhance edge detection, focusing, and holographic imaging. It was recently shown that, by using digital holographic techniques, the Laplacian of an object field can be extracted. Here it is demonstrated that equivalent ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3018-3020 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3018
Anikitos Garofalakis, Albertine Dubois, Bertrand Kuhnast, Daniel M. Dupont, Isabelle Janssens, Nicolas Mackiewicz, Frédéric Dollé, Bertrand Tavitian, Frédéric DucongéThe performance of small animal photonic imaging has been considerably improved since the development of fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (fDOT), which can reconstruct fluorescent probe distribution inside tissue. However, the quantification capabilities of this new technology are still a ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3024-3026 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3024
A. A. Lagatsky, X. Han, M. D. Serrano, C. Cascales, C. Zaldo, S. Calvez, M. D. Dawson, J. A. Gupta, C. T. A. Brown, W. SibbettWe report, for the first time to our knowledge, femtosecond-pulse operation of a Tm,Ho:NaY(WO_4)_2 laser at around 2060nm. Transform-limited 191fs pulses are produced with an average output power of 82mW at a 144MHz pulse repetition frequency. Maximum output power of up to 155mW is generated with a ... [Opt. Lett. 35, 3027-3029 (2010)]
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-18-3027
Recent articles in Physical Review Letters
Show articles…Author(s): Danying Shao, Wouter-Jan Rappel, and Herbert LevineWe develop a computational model, based on the phase-field method, for cell morphodynamics and apply it to fish keratocytes. Our model incorporates the membrane bending force and the surface tension and enforces a constant area. Furthermore, it implements a cross-linked actin filament field and an a...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 108104] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.108104
Author(s): Thaddeus D. Ladd, David Press, Kristiaan De Greve, Peter L. McMahon, Benedikt Friess, Christian Schneider, Martin Kamp, Sven Höfling, Alfred Forchel, and Yoshihisa YamamotoWe report the observation of a feedback process between the nuclear spins in a single charged quantum dot under coherently pulsed optical excitation and its trion transition. The optical pulse sequence intersperses resonant narrow-band pumping for spin initialization with off-resonant ultrafast puls...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 107401] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.107401
Author(s): Wei-Guo Yin, Chi-Cheng Lee, and Wei KuThe varying metallic antiferromagnetic correlations observed in iron-based superconductors are unified in a model consisting of both itinerant electrons and localized spins. The decisive factor is found to be the sensitive competition between the superexchange antiferromagnetism and the orbital-dege...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 107004] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.107004
Author(s): Y. Nakai, T. Iye, S. Kitagawa, K. Ishida, H. Ikeda, S. Kasahara, H. Shishido, T. Shibauchi, Y. Matsuda, and T. TerashimaSpin dynamics evolution of BaFe_{2} (As_{1-x} P_{x} )_{2} was probed as a function of P concentration via ^{31} P NMR. Our NMR study reveals that two-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AF) fluctuations are notably enhanced with little change in static susceptibility on approaching the AF phase from the ...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 107003] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.107003
Author(s): T. Lompe, T. B. Ottenstein, F. Serwane, K. Viering, A. N. Wenz, G. Zürn, and S. JochimUltracold gases of three distinguishable particles with large scattering lengths are expected to show rich few-body physics related to the Efimov effect. We have created three different mixtures of ultracold ^{6} Li atoms and weakly bound ^{6} Li _{2} dimers consisting of atoms in three different hy...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 103201] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.103201
Author(s): William Nelson, Joseph Ochoa, and Mairi SakellariadouThe noncommutative spectral action extends our familiar notion of commutative spaces, using the data encoded in a spectral triple on an almost commutative space. Varying a rather simple action, one can derive all of the standard model of particle physics in this setting, in addition to a modified ve...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 101602] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.101602
Author(s): K. Slifer et al. (Resonance Spin Structure Collaboration)We have extracted QCD matrix elements from our data on doubly polarized inelastic scattering of electrons on nuclei. We find the higher twist matrix element d_{2} [over ˜] , which arises strictly from quark-gluon interactions, to be unambiguously nonzero. The data also reveal an isospin dependence ...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 101601] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.101601
Author(s): Luis Lehner and Frans PretoriusWe describe the behavior of 5-dimensional black strings, subject to the Gregory-Laflamme instability. Beyond the linear level, the evolving strings exhibit a rich dynamics, where at intermediate stages the horizon can be described as a sequence of 3-dimensional spherical black holes joined by black ...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 101102] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.101102
Author(s): L. Borsten, D. Dahanayake, M. J. Duff, A. Marrani, and W. RubensWe invoke the black-hole–qubit correspondence to derive the classification of four-qubit entanglement. The U-duality orbits resulting from timelike reduction of string theory from D=4 to D=3 yield 31 entanglement families, which reduce to nine up to permutation of the four qubits.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 100507] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.100507
Author(s): Rusko Ruskov, Alexander N. Korotkov, and Klaus MølmerWe consider the evolution of a qubit (spin 1/2) under the simultaneous continuous measurement of three noncommuting qubit operators σ [over ^] _{x} , σ [over ^] _{y} , and σ [over ^] _{z} . For identical ideal detectors, the qubit state evolves by approaching a pure state with a random direction ...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 100506] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.100506
Author(s): Lev S. Bishop, Eran Ginossar, and S. M. GirvinWe analyze the Jaynes-Cummings model of quantum optics, in the strong-dispersive regime. In the bad-cavity limit and on time scales short compared to the atomic coherence time, the dynamics are those of a nonlinear oscillator. A steady-state nonperturbative semiclassical analysis exhibits a finite r...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 100505] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.100505
Author(s): Maxime Boissonneault, J. M. Gambetta, and Alexandre BlaisIn dispersive readout schemes, qubit-induced nonlinearity typically limits the measurement fidelity by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when the measurement power is increased. Contrary to seeing the nonlinearity as a problem, here we propose to use it to our advantage in a regime where it c...[Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 100504] Published Thu Sep 02, 2010
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.100504
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences RSS feed -- current issue
Show articles…The biosynthesis of chloramphenicol requires a β-hydroxylation tailoring reaction of the precursor L-p-aminophenylalanine (L-PAPA). Here, it is shown that this...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15391?rss=1
PII, an ancient and widespread signaling protein, transduces nitrogen/carbon/energy abundance signals through interactions with target proteins. We clarify structurally how...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15397?rss=1
Protein knots and slipknots, mostly regarded as intriguing oddities, are gradually being recognized as significant structural motifs. Recent experimental results...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15403?rss=1
The M2 protein is a small, single-span transmembrane (TM) protein from the influenza A virus. This virus enters cells via...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15409?rss=1
Bleb-based cell motility proceeds by the successive inflation and retraction of large spherical membrane protrusions ("blebs") coupled with substrate adhesion....
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15415?rss=1
For many aspects of DNA–protein interaction, it is vital to know how DNA bending rigidity (or persistence length, a) depends...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15421?rss=1
Many drugs are amphiphiles that, in addition to binding to a particular target protein, adsorb to cell membrane lipid bilayers...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15427?rss=1
Accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of nucleic acids is crucial to predicting their structure and stability. To date most...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15431?rss=1
Lateral segregation of cell membranes is accepted as a primary mechanism for cells to regulate a diversity of cellular functions....
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15437?rss=1
The hematopoietic system produces a large number of highly specialized cell types that are derived through a hierarchical differentiation process...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15443?rss=1
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) produces cancer cells that are invasive, migratory, and exhibit stem cell characteristics, hallmarks of cells that...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15449?rss=1
Chromosomal instability and the subsequent genetic mutations are considered to be critical factors in the development of the majority of...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15455?rss=1
Chromosomal instability and the subsequent genetic mutations are considered to be critical factors in the development of the majority of...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15461?rss=1
Dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) is a fundamental mechanism regulating gene transcription. Recent studies have identified...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15467?rss=1
Disregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been linked to various human diseases, including cancers. Inhibitors of oncogenic Wnt signaling are likely to...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15473?rss=1
The decision of a cell to undergo programmed cell death is tightly regulated during animal development and tissue homeostasis. Here,...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15479?rss=1
CpG dinucleotides contribute to epigenetic mechanisms by being the only site for DNA methylation in mammalian somatic cells. They are...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15485?rss=1
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have important roles in the regulation of gene expression. The roles of individual...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15491?rss=1
It is known from paleontology studies that two premolars have been lost during mouse evolution. During mouse mandible development, two...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15497?rss=1
We report observations suggesting that the transcription elongation factor NusA promotes a previously unrecognized class of transcription-coupled repair (TCR) in...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15517?rss=1
Retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis, are a leading cause of untreatable blindness with substantive...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15523?rss=1
The size and sensitivity of the T-cell repertoire governs the effectiveness of immune responses against invading pathogens. Both are modulated...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15529?rss=1
The epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has been proven to be highly effective in the treatment of...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15535?rss=1
The signaling mechanisms that mediate the important effects of contraction to increase glucose transport in skeletal muscle are not well...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15541?rss=1
Cancer-specific mutations in the iSH2 (inter-SH2) and nSH2 (N-terminal SH2) domains of p85, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K),...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15547?rss=1
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is a proximal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor and a central mediator of the unfolded protein...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15553?rss=1
To kill macrophages, the lethal factor component of Bacillus anthracis toxin binds to a carrier protein (PA), which then interacts...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15583?rss=1
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, is host-adapted to humans and unable to cause disease in mice....
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15589?rss=1
Soluble oligomeric aggregates of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15595?rss=1
Fragile X syndrome is caused by the absence of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein....
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15601?rss=1
Calmodulin (CaM)-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) in sensory neurons (SNs) in Aplysia has been proposed as a molecular coincidence detector during...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15607?rss=1
Little is known about how normal aging affects the brain. Recent evidence suggests that neuronal loss is not ubiquitous in...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15613?rss=1
Structural and polymorphic variations in Neuregulin 3 (NRG3), 10q22-23 are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders including developmental...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15619?rss=1
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that have recently emerged as regulators of neuronal survival and developmental neuroplasticity. Adult...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15625?rss=1
Both increase and decrease of cardiac inward rectifier current (IK1) are associated with severe cardiac arrhythmias. Flecainide, a widely used...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15631?rss=1
The pore and gate regions of voltage-gated cation channels have been often targeted with drugs acting as channel modulators. In...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15637?rss=1
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is part of a network implicated in the development of self-regulation and whose connectivity changes...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15649?rss=1
Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to identify hormone-dependent signaling pathways in renal medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) cells via phosphoproteomic...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15653?rss=1
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD or SOD3) is highly expressed in lungs and functions as a scavenger of O2• . ECM...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15571?rss=1
Immunophilin FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) is a cochaperone that binds to the progesterone receptor (PR) to optimize progesterone (P4)-PR signaling....
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15577?rss=1
Manganese is an essential transition metal that, among other functions, can act independently of proteins to either defend against or...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15335?rss=1
A thorough understanding of the circadian clock requires qualitative evaluation of circadian clock gene expression. Thus far, no simple and...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15643?rss=1
This paper describes a highly sensitive and selective chemical sensor using living cells (Xenopus laevis oocytes) within a portable fluidic...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15340?rss=1
It has long been assumed that differences in the relative abundance of taxa in microbial communities reflect differences in environmental...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15345?rss=1
Macrofossils (mostly leaves) and sporomorphs (pollen and spores) preserve conflicting records of plant biodiversity during the end-Permian (P-Tr), Triassic–Jurassic (Tr-J),...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15351?rss=1
Islands are noted for the occurrence of aberrant, endemic, and dwarfed taxa (the "island effect"). Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15357?rss=1
Feasting is one of humanity's most universal and unique social behaviors. Although evidence for feasting is common in the early...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15362?rss=1
Understanding the economic impact of surface temperatures is an important question for both economic development and climate change policy. This...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15367?rss=1
We describe the integration of microfluidic selection with high-throughput DNA sequencing technology for rapid and efficient discovery of nucleic acid...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15373?rss=1
Living organisms utilize carbohydrates as essential energy storage molecules. Starch is the predominant carbohydrate storage molecule in plants while glycogen...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15379?rss=1
Anti-TRAP (AT) is a small zinc-binding protein that regulates tryptophan biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis by binding to tryptophan-bound trp RNA-binding...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15385?rss=1
The process of nutrient transfer through an ecosystem is an important determinant of production, food-chain length, and species diversity. The...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15503?rss=1
Today, insular Southeast Asia is important for both its remarkably rich biodiversity and globally significant roles in atmospheric and oceanic...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15508?rss=1
One of the basic principles that nature uses in evolution is to recycle successful concepts and create new functions by...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15318?rss=1
The CuAAC reaction (click chemistry) has been used in conjunction with solid-phase synthesis to produce catalytically active hairpin ribozymes around...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15329?rss=1
Meiolaniid or horned turtles are members of the extinct Pleistocene megafauna of Australia and the southwest Pacific. The timing and...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15512?rss=1
Cross-talk between integrin receptors and activated growth factor receptors has been hypothesized to play a critical role in the initiation...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15559?rss=1
NAD(P)H oxidases (Noxs) produce O2– and play an important role in cardiovascular pathophysiology. The Nox4 isoform is expressed primarily in...
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/107/35/15565?rss=1
The best in science news, commentary, and research
Show articles…The projected start of the ITER fusion reactor in France looks set to slip by another 10 months. The new completion date is now November 2019.Author: Daniel Clery
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/327/5972/1434?rss=1
The show includes how social network structure affects the spread of behavior, challenging the mammoth-killer impact hypothesis, your letters to Science, and more.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1219-b?rss=1
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1219-a?rss=1
Pathogenic bacterial proteins interfere with eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways to induce cytopathic effects.Authors: Jixin Cui, Qing Yao, Shan Li, Xiaojun Ding, Qiuhe Lu, Haibin Mao, Liping Liu, Ning Zheng, She Chen, Feng Shao
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1215?rss=1
Ligand engagement and initiation of signaling has been imaged for a costimulatory receptor for immune cells in the skin.Authors: Petra Verdino, Deborah A. Witherden, Wendy L. Havran, Ian A. Wilson
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1210?rss=1
A costimulatory receptor for immune cells in the skin is identified.Authors: Deborah A. Witherden, Petra Verdino, Stephanie E. Rieder, Olivia Garijo, Robyn E. Mills, Luc Teyton, Wolfgang H. Fischer, Ian A. Wilson, Wendy L. Havran
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1205?rss=1
The energy sensor AMPK facilitates gene transcription by localizing to chromatin and phosphorylating histone H2B.Authors: David Bungard, Benjamin J. Fuerth, Ping-Yao Zeng, Brandon Faubert, Nancy L. Maas, Benoit Viollet, David Carling, Craig B. Thompson, Russell G. Jones, Shelley L. Berger
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1201?rss=1
Bacterial colonization of the mucosa is facilitated if the microbes engage a human receptor that counteracts epithelial exfoliation.Authors: Petra Muenzner, Verena Bachmann, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Jochen Hentschel, Christof R. Hauck
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1197?rss=1
An online experiment shows how network structure affects the spread of health behavior.Author: Damon Centola
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1194?rss=1
Future assemblies of animals following mass extinction cannot be predicted by analyses of Phanerozoic fossils.Author: J. Alroy
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/329/5996/1191?rss=1
Biophotonics International delivers a unique global insight into the photonic products and techniques that solve problems for researchers, product developers, clinical users, physicians and others actively involved in the fields of medicine, biology and biotechnology.
Show articles…Published since 1965, Laser Focus World - a monthly magazine for engineers, researchers, scientists, and technical professionals - provides comprehensive global coverage of optoelectronic technologies, applications, and markets. Nearly 70,000 qualified optoelectronics professionals from around the world currently subscribe.
Show articles…Bio-Optics World is a bi-monthly magazine that provides news, analysis and explanation of applications involving lasers, optics and imaging systems in the life sciences. The magazine is dedicated to giving readers a firsthand look at cutting-edge research related to the design, development and utilization of optical technologies in the study, diagnosis and treatment of disease and disease processes.
Show articles…IOHS serves as an international forum for the publication of the latest developments in all areas of photonics in biology and medicine. JIOHS will consider for publication original papers in all disciplines of photonics in biology and medicine, including but not limited to: photonic therapeutics and diagnostics; optical clinical technologies and systems; tissue optics; laser-tissue interaction and tissue engineering; biomedical spectroscopy; advanced microscopy and imaging; nanobiophotonics and optical moecular imaging; multimodal and hybrid biomedical imaging; micro/nanofabrication; medical microsystems; optical coherence tomography; photodynamic therapy.
Show articles…The German-language magazine "BioPhotonik - Optical technologies in Life Sciences" is dedicated to photonics topics in biology and medicine offering a platform to developers and suppliers of relevant products, such as medical systems, microscopes, spectroscopic systems, fluorescence products, dies, excitation lasers or optical components. "BioPhotonik" is published twice a year in March and September (circulation 10,000).
Show articles…Ein hocheffizienter grüner Laser soll den dritten Grundfarbton für die Bildprojektion auch auf helle Flächen liefern. Rote und blaue Laser sind seit Jahren in Massenprodukten der Unterhaltungselektronik zu finden. Was fehlte war eine effiziente, grün emittierende Strahlquelle.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=5&artid=3659&tp=na
Eine neuartige Quelle verschränkter Lichtteilchen erlaubt erstmals, verschränkte Zustände nachzuweisen, ohne diese zu messen.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=5&artid=3672&tp=na
Die Berthold Leibinger Stiftung vergab am 9. Juli in Ditzingen die Zukunfts- und Innovationspreise 2010. Mit den Preisträgern feierten 400 geladenen Gäste.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=5&artid=3668&tp=na
Nach ihrer persönlichen Sicht auf die Entwicklung der Photonik-Branche befragt, gaben uns Vertreter verschiedener Unternehmen Antwort. Es herrscht überwiegend Aufbruchstimmung aus der Krise. Für die Unternehmen gibt es viel zu tun, aber auch die Politik ist gefragt, mit geeigneten Rahmenbedingungen die Leistungsbereitschaft der Industrie und Forschungseinrichtungen zu unterstützen.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=5&artid=3677&tp=na
Mit modernen Bildaufnehmern kann man an der Grenze der physikalischen Möglichkeiten arbeiten, um Bildinformationen in entsprechender Qualität aus elektronischen Signalen zu gewinnen. Durch geeignete Integration in Raum oder Zeit mittels einer passenden Kamera oder anschließender Bildbearbeitung wird dabei das Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis (S/R) der Aufgabenstellung angepasst.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=11&artid=796&tp=fa
Der Polarisationsanalysator SK010PA (Bild 1) ist ein universelles Mess- und Testsystem zur Bestimmung des Polarisationszustandes (SOP, State of Polarization) von Laserstrahlen im Freistrahl und Laserstrahlquellen mit polarisationserhaltender Faseroptik.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=11&artid=800&tp=fa
In immer mehr Anwendungsbereichen steht das moderne Laser-Kunststoffschweißen im Wettbewerb mit den klassischen Verbindungstechnologien. Neben der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens stehen vor allem die Qualität und die Möglichkeiten einer lückenlosen Prozessüberwachung im Blickpunkt. Wir zeigen im folgenden Beitrag, welche neuen Möglichkeiten die Lasertechnik hier bietet.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=11&artid=797&tp=fa
Die Fertigung hochpräziser diffraktiver Strukturen auf gekrümmten Oberflächen erlaubt eine sehr effektive Bildfehlerkorrektur mit nur wenigen Linsenflächen. Hierdurch können kompakte und besonders leistungsfähige hybride (diffraktiv/refraktive) Abbildungsoptiken realisiert werden.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=11&artid=798&tp=fa
Laserchemische Abtragsverfahren erlauben eine materialschonende Bearbeitung und ermöglichen die Fertigung technischer Oberflächen mit geringer Oberflächenrauheit. Zur geregelt-skalierbaren laserchemischen Fertigung konturierter Mikrostrukturen mit hoher Präzision ist eine In-Prozess-Messetchnik unverzichtbar. Optische Messverfahren bieten hierbei neben weiteren Vorteilen eine hohe Auflösung.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=11&artid=799&tp=fa
Ein skalierbares, robustes Diodenlaser-Modul, das sich bisher in der Bebilderung von Bogenoffset-Druckplatten bewährt ha
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2681&tp=pr
Neue Faserlaser-basierte Hochleistungs-MOPAs (master oscillator power amplifier) liefern als Tischgerät oder 19-Einschu
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2682&tp=pr
Titan UV, eine neue Familie gepulster Festkörperlasersysteme von DPSS Lasers, emittiert bis zu 5 W bei 355 nm.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2683&tp=pr
Die LED-Kaltlichtquelle für medizinische und industrielle Anwendungen koppelt das Licht einer weißen Hochleistungs-Leuch
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2684&tp=pr
Der neue CMOS-Bildaufnehmer VITA 25K bringt es bei voller Auflösung von 25 Megapixeln (5120 x 5120 aktive Pixel mit
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2685&tp=pr
Die neuen, für den mittleren IR-Bereich von 35 µm farbkorrigierten Techspec-Achromate ermöglichen eine nahezu beug
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2686&tp=pr
Das effiziente Leuchtdiodenfeld OD-850-30-030 von Opto Diode besteht aus 30 Hochleistungs-LEDs mit zentraler Wellenlänge
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2687&tp=pr
Der femtoTrain Ti:Sapphire liefert Laserpulse <100 fs bei einer Wiederholrate von 73 MHz und einer mittleren A
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2688&tp=pr
Das neue automatisierte Mikroskopiesystem DynaMyc nutzt zeitkorrelierte Einzelphotonenzählung (Time Correlated Single Ph
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2689&tp=pr
Bisher als Hersteller von Transmissionsgittern und Spektrometermodulen bekannt, tritt Ibsen nun mit der Serie Rock OEM i
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=15&artid=2690&tp=pr
Messungen eines internationalen Forscherteams ergaben, dass der Protonenradius kleiner ist, als bislang angenommen. Dieses noch nicht vollständig erklärbare Ergebnis könnte grundsätzliche physikalische Annahmen über die Wechselwirkung von Licht und Materie außer Kraft setzen.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=5&artid=3674&tp=na
Maßgeschneiderte Komponenten mit Freiformoberflächen oder diffraktiven optischen Elementen (DOEs) ersetzen zunehmend klassische sphärische Linsen. Unternehmen, die solche innovativen Optiken entwickeln, sollen über neue Forschungsverbünde unterstützt werden.
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=5&artid=3675&tp=na
Rohstoffe für polymerbasierte Solarzellen lassen sich mit geringerem energetischem Aufwand herstellen als in der anorgan
http://www.photonik.de/index.php?id=14&artid=56&tp=nn
Theralase Laser Technologies Announces Q2 Financials
First patient treated in Synta Pharmaceuticals' clinical trial of STA-9090
Arnot Health Aesthetics & MediSpa Team Presents Free Educational Event in Horseheads, NY
European Cancer Cluster Meeting 2010 to be held September 15-17 in Oslo, Norway
Tenured/Tenure Track Faculty Position - Nashville, TN
Post Doctoral Researcher - Dover, DE
PROGRAM OPERATIONS SPECIALIST (TEMPORARY) - Seattle, WA
Scientist, Single Molecule Biophotonics - Menlo Park, CA
Non-contact assessment of food quality using optical imaging methods - Copenhagen, Denmark
LATIN AMERICA OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (...
International Optoelectronics Exhibition 2010 (...
16th Microoptics Conference (MOC'10)
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